PINGUECULA

Pinguecula is an extremely common degenerative condition of the conjunctiva. It is characterized by formation of a yellowish white patch on the bulbar conjunctiva near the limbus. This condition is termed pinguecula, because of its resemblance to fat, which means pinguis. 

Etiology of pinguecula is not known exactly. It has been considered as an age-change, occurring more commonly in persons exposed to strong sunlight, dust

and wind. It is also considered a precursor of pterygium.

Pathology There is an elastotic degeneration of collagen fibres of the substantia propria of conjunctiva, coupled with deposition of amorphous hyaline material in the substance of conjunctiva.

Clinical features. Pinguecula (Fig. 1) is a bilateral, usually stationary condition, presenting as yellowishwhite triangular patch near the limbus. Apex of the triangle is away from the cornea. It affects the nasal side first and then the temporal side. When conjunctiva is congested, it stands out as an avascular prominence.

Complications of pinguecula include its inflammation, intraepithelial abscess formation and rarely conversion into pterygium.

Treatment In routine no treatment is required for pinguecula. However, if so desired, it may be excised.

Fig. 1. Pinguecula.